英语语法的知识点是各省专升本英语单选题中必考内容,相对来说也比较容易拿分,下面库课小编整理了专升本英语单选题中常考的语法,希望考生们可以抽时间学习一下。
1.直接引语和间接引语
[1]直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。
(一般过去时改成过去完成时)
I broke your CD player.→
He told me he had broken my CD player.
(现在完成时改成过去完成时)
Jenny said,“I have lost a book."→
Jenny said she had lost a book.
(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
Mum said,“'ll go to see a friend."→
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
(过去完成时保留原有的时态)
He said,“We hadn't finished our homework."→
He said they hadn't finished their homework.
注意:直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。
[2]在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一 人称所修饰, 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如:
Mary said,“My brother is an engineer."→
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
[3]直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或i引导的宾语从句。
如:
He said,“Can you run, Mike?"→
He asked Mike whetherlif he could run.
[4]直接引语如果是祈使句,间接|语应改为"el(ask, order, beg等) (not) to do sth."句型。
如:
“Pass me the water, please."said he.→
He asked him to pass her the water.
[5]直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句,变为间接|语时,通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。
如:
She said, "Let's go to the cinema."→
She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
2.现在进行时表将来的动作
现在进行时表将来的动作,谓语通常为瞬间动词。如: come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
[1]用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的,按计划或安排要发生的动作。
[2]现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于:前者通常用瞬间动词(有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如: do)如: go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
①The train is arriving soon.火车就要进站了。
②He is reading a novel.他在看小说。
[3]用现在进行时表示将来的时间,在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
[4]现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于:前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的,后则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情,因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
①What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你们打算干什么?
②The plane takes off at 7: 30 tonight.
飞机今晚七点半起飞。
3.主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with,like等,谓语动词仍用单数。
The teacher as well as his students is excited.
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